Problems of Budgetary Reform

Budgetary reform and formal modeling : A comment on Gabel

In a recent article, Gabel and Hager argue that the line-item veto and the balanced budget amendment (BBA) promote and may increase pork-barrel spending. In their discussion of the balanced budget amendment, Gabel and Hager present one example to support their claim. I demonstrate that the effect of a BBA in their model is highly contingent on parameter values, and that their results hold only ...

Solving Unbalanced Transportation Problems with Budgetary Constraints

A new method namely, interval-point method without using fuzzy set theory is proposed for finding an optimal solution for unbalanced transportation problems with budgetary constraints where demand and budget are imprecise. With the help of numerical example, the proposed method is illustrated. The proposed method enables the decision makers to choose the optimal distribution according to their ...

K-12 Education Reform: Problems and Prospects

The K-12 Basic Education Program proposed by the Department of Education adds two years of secondary education to enable graduates to pursue one of three tracks: employment after graduation, higher education, or entrepreneurship. The reform faces challenges in redesigning the curriculum, in deploying and training teachers at the start of the program’s implementation, in ensuring the sustainabil...

Legal Reform in China: Problems and Prospects

On Monday, April 18, 2005, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Asia Foundation held a joint conference on “Legal Reform in China: Problems and Prospects.” The conference gathered leading experts from China and the United States to discuss the efforts that China has undertaken to reform its judicial and administrative systems. Co-organized by Dr. Veron Hung of the Carnegie End...

Budgeting and Budgetary Institutions